METHODS FOR REDUCING CAVITATION DAMAGE IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS USED FOR HYDROTRANSPORT
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Cavitation is one of the most critical factors affecting the reliability, efficiency, and service life of centrifugal pumps operating in hydrotransport systems. During the transportation of slurry mixtures and abrasive suspensions, cavitation phenomena cause the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles, resulting in severe erosion, vibration, noise, efficiency reduction, and premature failure of pump components. This study investigates various methods for reducing cavitation damage in centrifugal pumps used for hydrotransport applications. Particular attention is given to the optimization of hydraulic operating conditions, improvement of suction system design, application of cavitation-resistant materials, utilization of protective coatings, and modification of impeller geometry. The influence of flow velocity, pressure distribution, slurry concentration, and pump operating parameters on cavitation intensity is analyzed. Modern monitoring and diagnostic techniques, including vibration analysis and acoustic measurements, are also evaluated as effective tools for early cavitation detection and prevention. The results indicate that maintaining adequate Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH), reducing flow turbulence, selecting wear-resistant materials, and implementing continuous condition monitoring significantly decrease cavitation-related damage and improve pump reliability. The findings provide practical recommendations for enhancing the operational efficiency, durability, and energy performance of centrifugal pumps employed in industrial hydrotransport systems.
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